2Z03: Practice Questions for Midterm 1
微观经济学代考 His current utility is min 1, 2(2) = 1. Bundle C gives the same utility because min 1, 2(1) = 1. The other bundles give utility 2.
1)Consideralinear market demand function Qd = 10 − 
and a linear market supply function Qs =
What is the equilibrium price? 微观经济学代考
and a linear market supply function Qs =
a.1
b.3
c.−2
d.6
e.none of theabove
2)Considerthe inverse market demand function p(Q) = 12 2Q. For what values of p is the demand function demand elastic with respect to price?
a.p >4
b.p <4
c.p >3
d.p <6
e.p >6
Demand function: Q = 6 − 0.5p. Elasticity equals E(p) = 
Elasticity equals −1 when p = 12 − p, i.e. p = 6. Demand is elastic when |E(p)| > 1, i.e. p > 6.
3)Ifthe price elasticity of demand is −5, then a 100% increase in price will lead to
a.20% increase in quantitydemanded
b.20%decrease in quantity demanded
c.500%increase in quantity demanded
d.500% decrease in quantitydemanded
e.none of the above
Price increased by 100%, so quantity decreases by 5 × 100% = 500%.
4)Supposethe consumer’s income is 60, and the price of potatoes is If the consumer buys 10 potatoes, what should the price of burgers be so that the consumer can afford 4 or more burgers? 微观经济学代考
a. 10
b.15
30
c.morethan one of the above
d.none of the above
10 potatoes cost 20, which leaves income of 40. If the price is 10, then 4 burgers are exactly affordable. The other prices are higher, so 4 burgers are not affordable.
5)The prices of good 1 and 2 are given by p1= 3, p2 = 6. What is the slope of the budget line when the consumption of good 1 is on the horizontal axis?
a.1
b. −1
c.2
d.−2
e.none of theabove
Slope is − 
= −1/2.
6)A consumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = min x1, 2x2. He currently has a bundle (x1, x2) =(1, 2). Which of the following bundles will give him the same level of utility? 微观经济学代考
a.(3,2)
b.(5,2)
c. (1,1)
d.morethan one of the above
e.none of theabove
His current utility is min 1, 2(2) = 1. Bundle C gives the same utility because min 1, 2(1) = 1. The other bundles give utility 2.
7)A consumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = min x1, 2x2.
The prices of the goods are p1 = $1,p2 = $2. Currently, he has the bundle (x1, x2) = (5, 2). If he was given an additional dollar, it would be optimal to
a.spendit entirely on good 1
b. spenditentirely on good 2
c.spendsome of it on good 1 and some of it on good 2
d.notspend it as he cannot increase his utility
e.none of theabove
At the current bundle x1 = 5 > 4 = 2x2. Additional income will go first to good 2 until x1 = 2x2. An additional dollar buys 0.5 units of good 2 making x2 = 2.5. At this point x1 = 5 = 5 = 2x2, thus the consumer spends the additional dollar entirely on good 2. If he were given another dollar he would spend it on both goods to increase utility. 微观经济学代考
8)A consumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = min x1, x2. The prices of the goods are p1 = 3, p2 = 5, and his income is m = What is the optimal bundle for this consumer?
a. (1, 1)
b. (8, 0)
c. (0, 4.8)
d. (3, 3)
e. none of the above
The optimal bundle has x1 = x2 and exhausts the budget, i.e. p1x1 + p2x2 = 24. Thus, 3x1 + 5x1 = 24, and x1 = x2 = 3.
9)A consumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = x1+ 3x2. The prices of the goods are p1 = 7, p2 = 4. What is his marginal rate of substitution? 微观经济学代考
a.1
b. −1
c.3
d.−3
e.none of theabove
The marginal utilities are MU1 = 1 and MU2 = 3. The marginal rate of substitution is 
.
10)A consumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = x1+ 3x2. The prices of the goods are p1 = 7, p2 = 4. What is the consumer’s optimal choice?
a.spendhis entire income on good 1
b. spendhisentire income on good 2 微观经济学代考
c.spendsome of his income on good 1 and some on good 2
d.wecannot determine (a), (b), or (c) without knowing his
e.none of the above
Preferences are perfect substitutes, so the consumer spends his income on the good(s) with the highest marginal utility-to-price ratio. MU1 = 1 and MU2 = 3, so 
11)A consumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = x1+ 3x2. He currently has a bundle (x1, x2) = (18, 6). What is the maximum number of units of good 2 he would give up to receive an additional unit of good 1?
a.1
b.1
c.3
d.6
e.givingup any number of units of good 2 will decrease his utility.
Receiving an additional unit of good 1 will increase utility by 1 (because of perfect substitutes this is independent of the current bundle the consumer has). Giving up 1 units of good 2 will decrease utility by 1 (3) = 1 matching the utility increase. 3
12)Aconsumer has the utility function u(x1, x2) = x 4 x 4 .Which one of the following statements is true for the optimal bundle (x∗1, x∗2)?
a.Themarginal utilities of both goods are equal at (x∗1, x∗2). 微观经济学代考
b.Theslope of the budget constraint equals the marginal rate of substitution at (x∗1, x∗2).
c.Theconsumer spends half his income on good 1, and half his income on good 2.
d.morethan one of the above
e.neither of theabove
Part b is true because preferences are Cobb-Douglas. Answers a and c are false in general without knowledge of the ratio of prices.
13)Themarginal rate of substitution of a consumer with Cobb-Douglas preferences
a.is constant
b. depends on the bundle(x1, x2)
c.depends on theprices
d.morethan one of the above
e.none of theabove
It depends only on the bundle, and not on the prices.
14)The demand function for good 1 of a consumer with utility function u(x1, x2) = x 3 x 3 when pricesare
These are Cobb-Douglas preferences. The consumer spends 1/3 of his income on good 1. 微观经济学代考
15)TheEngel curve plots the demand for a good as a function of
a.itsprice
b.theprice of the other good
c.its marginalutility
d.income
e.none of theabove
16)A consumer considers potatoes an inferior good. What is true of the Slutsky income (IE), and total (TE)effects of a decrease in the price of potatoes on this consumer’s demand for potatoes? 微观经济学代考
a.IE > 0 and T E >0
b.IE > 0 and T E <0
c.IE < 0 and T E >0
d.IE < 0 and T E <0
e.Cannot be determined without further
An inferior good has an income effect which goes in the opposite direction of the substitution effect.Here, the price of potatoes decreases so the substitution effect is positive, meaning that the income effect is negative. However, without further information the sign of the total effect cannot be determined, as the income and substitution effects go in opposite directions. This is unlike the case of a Giffen good, where we know the sign of the total effect (which here would be negative).
17)Consider a consumer with preferences u(x1, x2) = min{2x1, 3x2}. The prices of the goods are p1 =5, p2= His income is m > 0.
Which of the following statements are true for the Slutsky (SIE), Hicksian (HIE) income effects, and the total effect (TE) of an increase in the price of good 1 to p′1 = 10 on the demand for good 1?
a.SIE = HIE = T E >0
b. SIE = HIE = T E <0
c.SIE = HIE =0
d.SIE ̸=HIE
e.Cannotbe determined without further information about income
These are “perfect complements” preferences. In this case the substitution effect is 0, regardless of whether it is computed in the “Slutsky” or “Hicks” way. Thus, the total effect equals both types of income effects. The total effect itself is negative because the price of good 1 increased, which will cause the consumer to buy less of each good lowering his utility. 微观经济学代考
18)Mary’spreferences can be described by the utility function u(x1, x2) = 
Her income is m > 0 and p1 = p2 = 1. Suppose that p2 increases to p2′ = 2. Which of the following is true about the change in her optimal consumption of good 2 after this price increase?
a.TheSlutsky substitution effect is positive.
b.TheSlutsky income effect is equal to the total effect
c.TheSlutsky income effect is positive
d.TheSlutsky income effect is zero
e. None of theabove
Cobb-Douglas preferences like this imply that Mary considers each good a normal good. Hence, the income and substitution effects are in the same direction. In this case they are both negative because the price of good 2 increased. They are not equal because the weights in the Cobb-Douglas utility function are not equal. Both effects are positive, which can be verified generally.
19)Consider Mary from the previous question. Her income is m > 0 and p1= p2 = 1. Suppose that p2 decreases to p′2 = 0. Which of the following is true about the change in her optimal consumption of good 2 after this price decrease? 微观经济学代写
a.TheSlutsky income effect is negative
b.TheSlutsky substitution effect is zero
c.TheSlutsky substitution effect is positive
d.TheSlutsky income effect is positive
e. Morethanone of the above
When the price of good 2 decreases, both income and substitution effects are positive. Thus, C and D are correct.
20)Angelahas “perfect substitutes” preferences for cherries and She is always equally happy to have 3 extra strawberries or 2 extra cherries. The price of cherries is $5, while the price of strawberries is $4. Angela’s income is $10. 微观经济学代考
Suppose the price of cherries increases to $7. What is the income that would make Angela afford exactly her optimal consumption before the price increase?
a.$4
b.$10
c.$14
d.$17.5
e.None of the above
Angela’s preferences can be described by the “perfect substitutes” utility function: u(c, s) = 3c + 2s where c denotes cherries, and s denotes strawberries. The per-dollar marginal utilities of each good are
so Angela spends her entire income of $10 on cherries which buys her 
= 2 cherries.
Under the new price of cherries, she needs an income of 2(7) = 14 to afford her original consumption of two cherries and no strawberries.
21)ConsiderAngela from the previous What is the Slutsky substitution effect of the increase in the price of cherries to $7?
a.−2.8
b. −2
c.−2.5
d.0
e.None of theabove
When the price of cherries increases to 7, the per-dollar marginal utility of cherries becomes
so Angela spends her entire income on strawberries under the new prices (regardless of what her income is). To find the substitution effect we need to find
consumption under new prices and adjusted income − consumption under old prices and old income which equals 0 − 2 = −2.
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