Monaco City development plan
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北美Business Plan代写 The primary source of revenue for Monaco City is mainly tourism, real estate, banking, and medium, non-polluting industries.
Introduction and objective 北美Business Plan代写
The population of individuals dwelling in major cities globally will double by 2050. With most of the populace increase taking place in urban centers, it is vital to focus on the ways technological innovations, especially in city planning, can assist in delivering a sustainable future. Cities are classified based on their administration, the size of the urban area (UN-HABITAT, 2009). OECD classifies city sizes based on four categories. According to the OECD, a large city has inhabitants above 1.5 million people. The second urban area has between 500,000 and 1.5 million people. Third, a medium-sized city has a populace of about 20,000 to 500,000. The fourth category, a small-sized urban area, consists of a population of about 100,000 to 200,000 people (Tafidis et al., 2017).
The main objective for sustainable urbanization is creating a balance amid economic, environmental, and social requirements.
Cities are required to grow their social and economic arrangements for sustainable urbanization devoid of harming the natural ecosystem while attaining the best equilibrium amongst people and the natural resources, upon which they depend on for survival (Abu-Ghazalah, 2008). According to Roy (2009), the balance is achieved through applying concepts that utilize both individual opinions attained through the contribution of residents in the process with scientific information provided through scientific analysis.
Planning is an essential tool as it allows governments, businesses, and residents to shape their communities. According to Diamantini & Zanon (2000), urban planning is a convenient tool that can be utilized to balance various aspects and promote interaction between planners, officials, and the residents. Urban planning greatly influences sustainable urban development and further aids in developing livable, productive, and inclusive cities (UN-HABITAT, 2009). This is achievable primarily based on the concepts that allow decision-makers and stakeholders’ inclusivity and new applications that allow efficient answers from the decision-makers (Malkina-Pykh, 2002). Therefore, urban planning is a crucial tool for developing sustainable cities across the globe. This paper look to discuss the critical planning ideas and issues in one of the cities globally. This study will take a look into the development plan for Monaco City, where it will critically review the planning ideas and principles adopted in the City’s planning.
Understanding the city/project/development site 北美Business Plan代写
Background on the city/project
Monaco, the second-smallest City in Europe and globally after the Vatican, is situated in the southeastern region of the French department of Alpes-Maritimes (Monaco Tribune, 2021). With recent reclamation, the city area of Monaco city is 195 hectares (0.75 square miles). It should be noted that Monaco occupies a space that is about three times the size of Washington DC’s Mall. Monaco city has a length of 3.18 km (1.98 miles) which runs from east to west, and a width of 1.1 km (0.68 miles) running north to south. France bounds Monaco City on the north, north-east, southwest, and west and the Mediterranean Sea on the east and southeast. The total border length of Monaco is 8.5 km (5.3 miles), where 4.1km (2.5 miles) is the coastline (“Monaco,” 2021).
The topography of Monaco City consists of four main areas that are differentiated based on their economic activities than the geographic differences (Monaco Tribune, 2021). La Condamine is the business district surrounding Monte Carlo’s port, a highly elevated region and home to the famous casino. Another area is the Monaco-Ville, a rocky headland about 60 m (200 ft.) above sea level. Lastly, Fontvielle is a 22-hectare (54-acre) industrial region of the La Condamine, rehabilitated by a landfill in the 1960s and 1970s. 北美Business Plan代写
The climatic conditions in Monaco City vary depending on the season.
The winters are relatively mild with a January average of about eight degrees Celsius (“Monaco,” 2021). During the summer, the sea breezes temper the heat, and in July and August, the temperatures average 26°C. Monaco City experiences annual rainfall averages of around 77 cm, and approximately 300 days in a year lack any precipitation. There is no distinctive fauna related to Monaco, and it boasts of palms. Carobs, tamarisks, mimosas, aloes, and other Mediterranean flora have abundant shrubs and flowers.
The City is famous for its stunning and natural scenery, accompanied by a mild and sunny climate (“Monaco’s 10-year smart neighbourhood plan,” 2018). The environment surrounding the City is modern, and according to UN reports, the environmental circumstances around Monaco City are very conducive. This is mainly due to the effort made by Monaco’s leadership, where it has constantly kept tabs on the levels of pollution in its atmosphere and water for the safety of its residents. 北美Business Plan代写
For instance, 20 percent of the City’s land area (1.95 sq. km) and two marine areas are under the protection of the environmental statutes (Niomi Matysek, 2021).
Additionally, the government has air pollution control facilities under the Environmental Services. The use of public transport is emphasized in the alleviation of gas emissions. To protect the City’s water supply, similar concepts to air pollution have been implemented. Also, there is the monitoring of noise levels from various sectors to ensure safe levels.
The primary source of revenue for Monaco City is mainly tourism, real estate, banking, and medium, non-polluting industries. A large portion of the City’s income from tourism is from the operation of Sea-Bathing Company (Société des Bains de Mer-SBM), where the government has 69 percent shares. The SBM runs various businesses in the City, from the famous gambling casino at Monte Carlo to four hotels, nineteen restaurants, a lounge, and the Thermos Margins spa. The government fully controls the telephone and postal services and the tobacco business and consequently monopolizes the sectors. The 22-hectare landfill project at Fontvielle, initiated during the reign of Prince Rainier in 1949, has seen the total land area increasing by twenty-three percent.
Land use 北美Business Plan代写
As mentioned above, Monaco City measures only two square kilometers in size, yet it has a large populace of around thirty-eight thousand people. Additionally, thirty thousand workers commute the border daily from France and Italy to work in Monaco. For over one hundred and fifty years, Monaco City has made efforts to refute land, and it has increased its size by over twenty percent (Niomi Matysek, 2021).
The City has had additional forty hectares realized through the extension of Port Hercules and the development of the industrial region of Fontvielle district from land reclaimed along the coastline. Currently, the leadership of the City is embarking on one of its most ambitious extensions where it aims to reclaim a land area of around six hectares to house a neighborhood that will be the novel innovative district in the City. The development will cost the City an estimated €2 billion running for ten years, concluding by 2025.
In the 1970s, Monaco City reclaimed more than twenty hectares of land from the sea developed to the newest neighborhood in the City, Fontvielle.
As per Philippe Jan, the director of Bouygues Travaux Publics, Fontvielle had a much larger surface though, during the development, the environment was not considered much carefully (“Monaco’s 10-year smart neighbourhood plan,” 2018). According to Mr. Jan, the conceptualization of civil work to become environmentally friendly is a challenging task. Thus, the ten years for the new project, Anse du Portier.
The offshore urban extension program is expected to attach flawlessly with the coast, spreading from the Larvotto Marine Reserve in the northeast to the region surrounding the Spélugues coral reef in the southwest. During the planning, the planners came up with a shape for the six-hectare project that will fit naturally into the City’s coastline while not interrupting the current flow. The construction methods have been carefully considered to ensure they do not significantly affect the environment while protecting flora and fauna of Monaco City and its surrounding areas. 北美Business Plan代写
The new district will be placed between the cove of Portier and the Grimaldi Forum, and the resulting coastline due to the extension will be at the center of two natural areas: the Larvotto Reserve and the Spélugues coral reef (Egis-Group, 2018).
Consequently, this will require careful measures being put in place in the movement and restoration of protected species like the Noble pen shells Posidonia seagrass, among others found in the region. The protection procedure will include constant monitoring of the risks of particles suspended in the sea (turbidity) during the construction process and also the mindfulness in the protection of the biodiversity where there has been a unique designing of the façades of the caissons to host marine plants and animals (Egis-Group, 2018). additionally, the developers are also expected to remove any invasive marine life to safeguard the protected species on the coastline.
Figure 1: Aerial picture of the extension in the Anse du Portier project
After its debut in 2025, the sixty thousand square-meter district will be Monaco’s first ‘smart’ neighborhood.
The district will have joined houses, renewable energy, and a horde of man-made habitations. For the district, Monaco will be targeting to attain an environmentally clean habitat as the City aims at becoming carbon neutral by 2050. In the bid to achieve the 2050 goals, forty percent of the energy utilized in the new district will come from solar energy panels on the roofs and thermal pumps used in the firing of heating and cooling systems.
In terms of transport and movement, several concepts will improve service delivery while offering improved information and traffic flow (“Smart city,” 2020).
The project incorporates linked bus parks with completely efficient digital reference junctions in the City, furnished with innovative services like Wi-Fi, environmental sensors, and services for tourists and residents. There will also be a roll-out of an application aimed at assisting residents, commuters, and tourists in planning their journey via viewing the available transport options. 北美Business Plan代写
The development plan is also expected to incorporate a wide range of shared electric bicycles and the testing of self-driving electric shuttles for passenger transport and reduce congestion in the City. The use of technology will also be vital in providing a new relationship between the residents with their City. The views of the residents and other visitors will be put into consideration in the making of services more efficient where digital platforms will be utilized to assist in the strengthening of the social bond and the creation of the communities’ interest in building, neighborhood or municipal level (“Smart city,” 2020). These developments are the ones that differentiate Monaco’s eco-district from other offshore extensions projects globally. This is because by incorporating the latest trends in technology and solutions, Monaco City proves that size does not have to limit the possibilities of smart city potential (“Monaco’s 10-year smart neighbourhood plan,” 2018).
Critical review 北美Business Plan代写
Planning principles and issues, consultation, and assessment processes
Monaco City, the most densely populated country globally, has adopted its urban planning for many years to fit its small geographical area achieved through building on its rocky regions and extensions sea-wards. Currently, the City is undertaking an extension project from 2016-to 2025 to reclaim six additional hectares from the Mediterranean to construct homes (Niomi Matysek, 2021). The extension next to the Larvotto beach will comprise an extension of the Grimaldi Forum congress center to allow for larger event venues, luxury homes, shops, and a 30-berth marina.
The project is planned to be eco-sustainable in terms of both constructions processes and raw materials utilized.
The new neighborhood will ensure adequate presence of green public spaces and a landscaped park in the planning. The project is also expected to feature a boulevard running around the edges and along the waterfront, a shadowy and planted corridor traversing the length of the Japanese Garden, the Grimaldi Forum, and the new Forum extension (Niomi Matysek, 2021). 北美Business Plan代写
Approximately one hundred and twenty apartments are expected to be constructed in five different blocks, each with a slightly different height increasing in relation to the increase in distance to the port area. The project is also expected to have ten private villas, with seven of them having a direct sea view and the remaining three positioned just behind and five medium mansions (Riviera Insider, 2017). The new district will not comprise social accommodations; instead, it is a private development with most properties having private swimming pools and substantial gardens. Additionally, the development will comprise a 30-yacht port with a flagship building and surrounded by boutiques and shops acting as the commercial hub for the mostly green, public space.
The project also has an eighteen-meter artificial hill (colline) serving as part of a public park area and part-extension of the Grimaldi Forum.
Two walkways following the development outline will be constructed: one along the Japanese gardens and the other tracing the seaside edge of the extension (Riviera Insider, 2017). The plan also involves the construction of a six hundred-capacity underground car park accessible via the roundabout that currently connects Boulevard Larvotto to Avenue Princesse Grace. The proposed eco neighborhood will mostly be pedestrianized though seafront apartment blocks, and private villa complexes owners will have access to parking through an underground road extending from the roundabout. 北美Business Plan代写
According to Jean-Luc Nguyen, one of the development team members, creating an environment for Monaco City’s rich biodiversity is essential.
For energy needs, Nguyen explained that around fifty percent of the energy demands for the City would be produced on-site (Riviera Insider, 2017). As per Mr. Nguyen, rainwater will be tapped to water plants and the fountains while temperatures from the sea and solar panels on the roofs will be utilized to regulate building temperatures during summer and winter. Mr. Nguyen additionally emphasizes the thorough research and study conducted on the patterns of the sun and wind in determining where its most efficient to situate these technologies (Riviera Insider, 2017).
Various architects are at the heart of this project. Valode and Pistre Architects and Renzo Piano Building Workshops are contracted for the project to come up with designs, aesthetics, energy efficiency, and sustainable development. Together with landscaping architect Michel Desvigne, the companies are charged with introducing a natural habitat within this artificial extension. To achieve their roles, the firms have taken extra steps in preserving the ecosystem in the Mediterranean area, including the relocation of protected species to new reserves and the creation of artificial reefs for the remaining flora and fauna. The project initiated in late 2016 is expected to be completed by 2025 (Niomi Matysek, 2021).
Figure: Sample homes in Anse du Portier housing
Positive and negative aspects of the plans/projects 北美Business Plan代写
The Anse du Portier (or Portier Cove) project is expected to increase the size of Monaco City by 3 percent and aims to alleviate the housing shortage problem of the tax haven city, which claims the most expensive residential real estate globally (Egis-Group, 2018). The new project, upon its completion, is expected to bring in billionaires due to its state-of-the-art amenities, which will consequently increase the City’s revenue from taxes and sale or lease of the units.
According to Monaco City’s government, the project is not aimed at becoming a superlative city.
Instead, it is based on the prince’s plan to transform Monaco into a carbon-free state by 2050 (Lane Nieset, 2018). Given that around half of the energy requirement of the district will be met from sustainable green energy, the projects play a crucial role in setting trends for other cities aiming to develop and expand to follow suit. The plan is expected to offer a futuristic experience to the residents while trying to attain the global goals of the fight against environmental degradation and pollution. 北美Business Plan代写
Though in the implementation of the project, the government has had severe considerations on the adverse environmental effects raised from the project, there are still ecological concerns on the impact on the habitat. The project will involve interference with the ecosystem requiring the relocation of some of the life forms around the affected area. To most individuals and groups that are pro-environmental conservation, this project interferes with the natural balance and may even lead to some of the affected protected species becoming extinct.
Learning from the projects 北美Business Plan代写
Some of the major cities in the world face the challenges of limited new spaces for development due to geographical limitations like size and the topography of the surrounding area (“Smart city,” 2020). For the Anse du Portier (or Portier Cove), the developers’ and citizens’ architectural responses towards challenges are fascinating. The developers, citizens, and other stakeholders have been able to couple real estate and generosity with quasi-no-existent living space, which most may view as an arduous task to achieve. However, the project’s planning has creative architects, urban and landscape planners teaming up to develop novel solutions to solving the City’s space problems. The plan is impressive and acts as a benchmark for other cities with development planning to consider it as it also assists in attaining the use of clean energy.
Conclusion
As discussed above, sustainable urbanization is an important in the development and expansion of existing and new cities. Urban planning is the tool which is used to achieve a sustainable urbanization. Consequently, cities are required to develop their social and economic structures for sustainable urbanization without harming the natural environment while attaining the best balance between humans and the natural resources, upon which they rely for survival.
The Anse du Portier project aims at alleviating the housing shortage problem while increasing the size of Monaco City by 3 percent. From the review of the project’s plan, it can be concluded that the future of urban planning needs not to be limited by land area as proper rehabilitation processes can assist in creating new habitable spaces. Additionally, the use of technology and aiming to achieve global goals on pollution is vital in urban planning,
References 北美Business Plan代写
Abu-Ghazalah, S. (2008). The sustainable city development plan for Aqaba, Jordan. Journal of Developing Societies, 24(3), 381-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796×0802400304
Diamantini, C., & Zanon, B. (2000). Planning the urban sustainable development the case of the plan for the province of Trento, Italy. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20(3), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-9255(00)00042-1
Egis-Group. (2018). Monaco: An eco-district reclaimed from the sea – Egis. Egis – Responsabilité sociétale. https://www.rse-egis.fr/en/solution_egis/monaco-an-eco-district-reclaimed-from-the-sea/
Lane Nieset. (2018, May 17). Monaco’s $2.4 billion plan to stay relevant? Expand the coastline – BNN Bloomberg. BNN. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/monaco-s-2-4-billion-plan-to-stay-relevant-expand-the-coastline-1.1078510
Malkina-Pykh, I. (2002). Integrated assessment models and response function models: Pros and cons for sustainable development indices design. Ecological Indicators, 2(1-2), 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-160x(02)00048-1
Monaco Tribune. (2021). Monaco: A country unlike the rest. MT. https://www.monaco-tribune.com/en/about-monaco/ 北美Business Plan代写
Monaco. (2021). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Monaco
Monaco’s 10-year smart neighbourhood plan. (2018, May 23). Livability, Workability, Sustainability | Smart Cities Council. https://www.smartcitiescouncil.com/article/monacos-10-year-smart-neighbourhood-plan
Niomi Matysek. (2021, January 14). MONACO EXPANSION: ANSE LE PORTIER. HillRobinson.com. https://hillrobinson.com/news/update/2021/monaco-expansion-anse-le-portier
Riviera Insider. (2017, August 24). The future face of Monaco: Ambitious land extension project enters new phase | Riviera insider. RivieraInsider.com. https://riviera-press.fr/insider/content/future-face-monaco-ambitious-land-extension-project-enters-new-phase
Roy, M. (2009). Planning for sustainable urbanisation in fast growing cities: Mitigation and adaptation issues addressed in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Habitat International, 33(3), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.022
Smart City. (2020). Extended Monaco. https://extendedmonaco.com/en/thematique/smart-city/
Tafidis, P., Sdoukopoulos, A., & Pitsiava-Latinopoulou, M. (2017). Sustainable urban mobility indicators: Policy versus practice in the case of Greek cities. Transportation Research Procedia, 24, 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.122
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