佛教哲学essay代写-Buddhism Philosophy代写

The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

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佛教哲学essay代写 They help humans understand the range and nature of their suffering and search for the appropriate solutions to the sufferings.

Introduction

The Four Noble truths taught by Buddha comprise the prime philosophy of Buddhism. The truths are very significant because they are very relevant to human psychology and our existence despite their significance in religion. They help humans understand the range and nature of their suffering and search for the appropriate solutions to the sufferings. Buddhism is mostly perceived as a pessimistic religion because it explains life as a painful and perilous journey and an exercise in utter futility (Anderson, 2013). According to Buddhism, there is no positive approach towards life since life appears to have no comfort, but pain lacks freedom, solace, and permanency. Therefore, Buddhism focuses on suffering since it perceives it to be the primary problem of life that requires remedy instead of being ignored. This paper discusses the four noble truths of Buddhism and how they relate to our lives every day of our lives.

The First Noble Truth – Truth of Suffering 佛教哲学essay代写

According to this first truth, life is suffering and will always be like that if people fail to identify it as true nature. Although people understand that they suffer, they fail to bring change in life since they believe that suffering is an unavoidable feature of life. Buddha explains that suffering in life is from five aggregates of suffering, which are; a form which is the material impression, emotions from the form, which are a person’s feelings, perceptions from form, psychological activity in response to form, and a person’s consciousness which is formed by psychological activity (Anderson, 2016).

The five aggregates of suffering create an illusion that form is permanent such that people believe they have a fixed identity and also everything else in the world is endless. Buddha describes the truth of suffering as being born as suffering, growing old as suffering, being sick as suffering, death as suffering, and pain, sorrow, grief, and lamentation as suffering. The five aggregates of suffering encourage suffering since people fail to understand the true nature of life and the ability to change themselves because they fear the consequences of change. People always love permanence since it provides safety and comfort.

However, permanence is an illusion that people can never find, and thus people will always suffer since they will never find permanence.

Therefore, according to Buddha, people will always experience suffering because everything a person goes through in life cause suffering, and people cannot change them. Therefore, people should accept that life is full of suffering and find temporary solutions that can end the suffering for them to enjoy life. According to Buddha, the first phase of ending suffering is acknowledging that there is suffering in life. Then acknowledge that every suffering has a cause and an end. The main aim of presenting life as suffering is not to see the world negatively but to develop a pragmatic view that deals with the world as it is and tries to change it. This truth does not deny the existence of pleasure in life but acknowledges it as non-permanent (Harvey, 2013). 佛教哲学essay代写

For instance, people have many desires and cravings although despite satisfying them, the satisfaction is just temporal and becomes monotonous if it lasts. Although one may not suffer from external causes such as illness and death, the lack of satisfaction one has causes suffering. This truth is exemplified as a supermarket trolley that always wants to go differently. Therefore, life is full of struggles and people lack ultimate happiness and satisfaction in anything they experience, which Buddha refers to be the problem of existence.

The Second Noble Truth- The Causes of Suffering

According to Buddha, the roots of suffering are cravings from people’s tendency to prefer amazing moments and false view of themselves and the phenomena that people perceive to be permanent and fixed. Buddha explains the three causes of cravings to be; pleasing the senses whereby people crave for pleasures such as owning luxurious homes, the second cause is something that a person is not whereby people desire to be something they are not such as being perceived to be wealthy and the third cause is not to be whereby people desire to stop something from happening which is unavoidable such that people do not want to feel pain when they are sick. 佛教哲学essay代写

People are biologically informed to choose pleasurable sensations. Attachment to delightful things because of desire leads to suffering. People are also attached to these that are not pleasurable because they occupy the mind and make people lack freedom. The biological nature of desiring great things makes people’s survival dependent on attaining what they want and need in the perilous world (Kang, 2011). The false view of one-self causes significant social consequences according to Buddhism.

Human interpersonal relations and social structures depend on and mirror biological preferences and false views.

This makes the interactions between people and the social structures to be full of greed and hatred. People mistreat each other and establish social structures that oppress people. The patterns of mistreating others and exploiting them reinforce the main mechanism of biological preference and false view. People end up suffering due to fearful parenting they experience, unskillful cultural norms, and institutions that disrespect and exploit people. Thus, the biological inclinations and false views strengthened by social training cause people to be trapped in suffering. This truth does not emphasize giving up on what a person loves and enjoys in life. Instead, it encourages people to look deeper into the nature of craving and the way they relate to the things they love and enjoy. 佛教哲学essay代写

When developing an attachment to something, a person needs to have self-reference and recognize that the object of attachment is separate from oneself. According to Buddha, the self-centered perspective leads to unquenchable desires. Cravings are always accompanied by jealousy and hate that make people harm others (Cousins, 2001). Thus, the second noble truth encourages people to enjoy what they love without developing an attachment with it. Therefore, people should be mindful of their cravings to identify and understand them. According to Buddha, the things of the world are not permanent, and hence people should avoid clinging to things that change always. Therefore, if a person desires to end suffering, they need to look for ways to prevent ignorance, hatred, and cravings to become free from the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth to attain enlightenment.

The Third Noble Truth – Cessation of Suffering 佛教哲学essay代写

This truth identifies ways that may help bring suffering to an end. This truth has a dual meaning, proposing that the end of suffering in the world is by reaching Nirvana which means enlightenment. When a person attains enlightenment, free from the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth, they attain spiritual enlightenment. The solution to suffering is the complete extinction of craving.

To reach enlightenment, one has to extinguish the three fires of greed, hatred, and delusion. If people change their perception and minimize their attachment to desires, then suffering will as well be reduced. This does not mean that people should cancel all their zest for life. However, they should understand the nature of life and control the cravings that emanate from the lack of understanding. When a person finds deflection, desires fade and the person becomes liberated. When a person is liberated, they gain an experience that birth is exhausted, the holy life has been lived out, what can be done is done and there is no more beyond.

According to Buddha, ending suffering is a journey involving self-motivation and is phase by phase.

He illustrates it as a person trying to stop smoking cigarettes. The person needs to remind himself daily that he is on a journey of stopping smoking addiction and is supported by a therapist (Fernando, 2016). People should first recognize that suffering can end, and there are ways to stop it and move away from it. Thus, according to this truth, people should stop craving many pleasurable things as the enjoyment will not be permanent. The mental state of a person is very significant in this stage of ending suffering because a person must be able to recognize the nature of desire first, and then recognize that clinging to that craving is suffering. To understand these insights a person needs an open and receptive mind. 佛教哲学essay代写

The mental state of a person is the way out of suffering since it is the one responsible for understanding the four noble truths and reflecting on their impacts on our lives. Besides, people should be ready to accept reality (Garfield, 2009). This can be achieved by ending arguments with the reality that is only attainable by approaching life with compassion and understanding that life does not always look like what we imagine. In addition, we can end suffering by seeing reality for what it is and only what it is. In many instances, people assign meanings, conclusions, and predictions abo almost everything they encounter. This makes people suffer when the perception of the things in their minds does not happen. To end this, people should only take reality as it is.

The Fourth Noble Truth – Truth of path to ending suffering 佛教哲学essay代写

This path comprises three aspects: there exists an eightfold path, the path needs to be established and the path should be established fully. The eightfold path aspect is portrayed in a sequence and comprises of the right understanding and right intention which are grouped as wisdom and then the right speech, right action and right livelihood groups as morality and then right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration offer emotional balance and are grouped as concentration. A person concentrates when the heart is pure and free from any form of defilement. Right understanding comes from the insights from the first three noble truths.

When a person has a profound understanding of the suffering, its cause, and how to cease it, they attain the right understanding. According to Buddha, the right understanding is developed through reflection. Right intention involves thinking in the right way. In the right intention, a person is free from the thoughts of greed, anger, and ignorance since the three are the key hindrances to the journey to enlightenment (Van Gordon et al., 2015). To obtain the right intention or thought, one has to be conscious to maintain the right thoughts required to conquer the three poisons: anger, greed, and ignorance.

Right speech means that a person should tell the truth always, avoid using harsh language and speak frivolous words. When a person says something that is inappropriate, it hurts them as well as other people. Therefore, people should be careful when choosing the words to utter on the road to ending suffering. Right action involves doing the right things and avoiding issues like killing, stealing, and engaging in sexual misconduct.

It also involves avoiding unwholesome deeds and engaging actively in wholesome activities. Right livelihood means making a living and avoiding all unethical jobs, such as operating a gambling business and selling drugs and instruments that can contribute to killings. It also involves developing disciplined habits like getting an adequate amount of sleep, food, and work. This right promotes both efficiency and health of a person making them have a happy family and stable community. 佛教哲学essay代写

The right effort involves the use of effort in four areas which are; to not lead to unwholesome features that have not been generated, in eliminating the unwholesome features that are already in existence, in nurturing wholesome qualities that are yet to be produced and maintaining and multiplying the wholesome features that are already in existence. Right mindfulness involves keeping one’s attention, awareness, and mind determined on the four roots of mindfulness (Yun et al., 1998). The four roots of mindfulness are that; the body is impure, emotions always lead to suffering, the mind is not permanent and all phenomena do not always have substantial self. Right concentration involves the concentration on one’s volition and thoughts through meditation. When people master the eight aspects on the eightfold path, it will be easy to attain the end of suffering.

Relation of the Four Noble Truths to our lives today 佛教哲学essay代写

The first truth which depicts life as suffering is evident in today’s life. For instance, when a person is sick, they are suffering since they lack happiness and good health. Buddha describes the disease as suffering and hence relating to our lives today. Besides, the lack of pleasurable things in our lives is seen as suffering since when we put all our effort and do not obtain them we begin cursing our effort.

This relates to what Buddha describes in the first noble truth: life is full of suffering. In addition, according to Buddha in the second noble truth, everything has a cause. Relating to our lives today every suffering that people go through has a cause. For instance, if a person is lazy and fails to work hard, they suffer living a poor life. Also when a person fails to maintain a healthy lifestyle they become sick is suffering. 佛教哲学essay代写

Therefore, even in the world of today, every kind of suffering that people experience is caused by something. From the third truth removing the cause of the suffering may also remove the impact of the cause. In our lives today, when people avoid unhealthy lifestyles, they enjoy good health and are free from diseases that are forms of suffering. Hence, to reduce suffering, people need to avoid every cause of suffering. Finally, the fourth noble truth involves the path to ending suffering. This path involves eightfold steps that finally lead to enlightenment. Relating to our lives today, for instance, if a person is on the journey to end addiction, it is not a one-time thing. Instead, it involves a series of steps that finally lead to healing. These steps that a person goes through are similar to the eightfold path in the truth of the approach to ending suffering.

Conclusion 佛教哲学essay代写

The four noble truths of Buddhism are very important since they help people understand the world’s true nature. According to Buddhism life is full of suffering, and therefore, the four noble truths help people understand life as suffering and how to end the suffering. The first truth is the truth of life is suffering. Buddha presents life as suffering since he sees birth as suffering, diseases as suffering, death as suffering, and rebirth as suffering. The second truth is the truth of the cause of suffering. According to Buddha, three poisons cause suffering: greed, ignorance, and anger.

The third noble truth is the truth of the cessation of suffering. Cessation of suffering occurs when a person has reached enlightenment. The fourth noble truth is the truth of the path to the end of suffering. This truth comprises eightfold courses that, when followed sequentially, make people understand suffering and avoid causes of suffering and obtain freedom from suffering. The four noble truths of Buddhism have been used to help individuals know what is right for them and what is wrong, meaning that they guide them in living a healthy life free from misunderstandings from those around them.

References

Anderson, C. (2013). Pain and its ending: The four noble truths in the Theravada Buddhist canon. Routledge.

Anderson, C. S. (2016). Four noble truths. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion.

Cousins, L. S. (2001). Pain and its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Therav da Buddhist Canon. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8, 36-41.

Fernando, L. (2016). Origins of research methodology, Buddhism and the Four Noble Truths. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences, 39(2), 57-68. 佛教哲学essay代写

Garfield, J. L. (2009). Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamakakarika (fundamental verses of the middle way): Chapter 24: Examination of the Four Noble Truths.

Harvey, P. (2013). Dukkha, Non‐Self, and the Teaching on the Four “Noble Truths”. A companion to Buddhist philosophy, 26-45.

Kang, C. (2011). Sarkar on the Buddha’s four noble truths. Philosophy East and West, 303-323.

Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., Griffiths, M. D., & Singh, N. N. (2015). Mindfulness and the four noble truths. In Buddhist foundations of mindfulness (pp. 9-27). Springer, Cham.

Yun, V. M. H., Lam, A., Ko, J., Ortega, L., Gill, J., & Chao, V. Y. (1998). The Four Noble Truths: The Essence of Buddhism.

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